A History of Welcome: Bedford's Relationship with Refugees and Asylum Seekers

Bedford, a historic market town in the East of England, has long been a place shaped by movement and migration. From its early days as a Roman settlement to its industrial rise in the 19th century, Bedford has continually evolved through the contributions of diverse communities. One particularly profound element of its social fabric is its enduring relationship with refugees and asylum seekers. This legacy is not only a story of humanitarian response but also of community resilience and cultural enrichment.​

Post-War Migration and the First Waves of Refugees

Following the Second World War, Bedford, like many British towns, experienced a labour shortage. This led to the recruitment of workers from across the Commonwealth and Europe. Italian and Polish refugees who had been displaced by the war were among the first to arrive, many finding work in local brickworks and factories. The town's Marston Valley Brick Company became a major employer, drawing migrants from Italy in particular, some of whom arrived under government resettlement schemes.​

In the 1950s and 60s, Bedford became a new home for further waves of migrants and refugees, including those fleeing conflict in Cyprus and Uganda. The Idi Amin regime’s expulsion of Asians from Uganda in 1972 saw a significant number of families relocate to the UK, with Bedford being one of the towns where they settled. These new residents established businesses, places of worship, and community centres that remain integral to Bedford today.​

Eastern European Arrivals and Asylum Seekers in the Late 20th Century

The late 20th century saw political upheavals across Eastern Europe, leading to another influx of asylum seekers. Bedford, already home to a strong Polish community, became a hub for new arrivals from countries such as Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the Balkans. Many of these individuals were escaping civil unrest, ethnic conflict, or oppressive regimes.​

Local councils and voluntary organisations worked to support integration through housing, language education, and employment assistance. While challenges existed, particularly around funding and public sentiment, Bedford gained a reputation as a town that made a serious effort to help newcomers start anew.​

21st Century: Global Conflicts and Continued Solidarity

The 21st century has brought fresh waves of refugees to Bedford, often in response to global crises. Refugees from Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, and more recently Ukraine, have sought safety in the UK. Bedford, through both local government and grassroots efforts, has participated in national resettlement programs such as the UK’s Vulnerable Persons Resettlement Scheme (VPRS).​

In 2016, Bedford Borough Council committed to resettling up to 100 Syrian refugees over five years. Mayor Dave Hodgson stated, "These families, with children, have been made homeless and extremely vulnerable by a devastating war which is causing unimaginable human suffering." He emphasised the collaborative efforts with local charities like BRASS (Bedfordshire Refugee and Asylum Seeker Support) and the King’s Arms Project in providing support. ​Bedford Today

By March 2022, Bedford had welcomed 89 refugees through various resettlement schemes since 2014, including 85 via the VPRS. Additionally, at least 16 asylum seekers were residing in the area, awaiting decisions on their applications. This equated to approximately nine asylum seekers per 100,000 residents. ​Bedford Today

In March 2024, Bedford Borough Council announced the allocation of up to £2.18 million from central government funding to support the rehousing of refugees under the housing fund scheme. A total of 17 properties were designated for Ukrainian and Afghan refugees. Councillor Phillippa Martin-Moran-Bryant, Portfolio Holder for Community Safety and Housing, remarked, "This initiative underscores our unwavering commitment to providing support and sanctuary to those displaced by conflict." ​

Challenges and Community Resilience

While Bedford has often stood out for its welcoming approach, it has also faced challenges. In August 2024, reports indicated a reduction in the number of asylum seekers housed in hotels in Bedford, from 126 in June 2023 to 85 in June 2024. Imran Hussain, executive director of external affairs at the Refugee Council, highlighted concerns about using hotels for accommodation, noting that it leaves vulnerable individuals isolated and potentially at risk. ​Bedford Today

Despite these challenges, local leadership—both civic and grassroots—has frequently emphasised inclusion and understanding. Community groups like BRASS have played a vital role in offering practical and emotional support to individuals navigating the asylum process. From language lessons and legal aid to community events and friendship schemes, BRASS and similar organisations have become a cornerstone of Bedford’s compassionate response.​

Bedford’s relationship with refugees and asylum seekers is a testament to the town's enduring commitment to humanity and community. Through successive generations, Bedfordians have opened their doors to people fleeing war, persecution, and hardship. In turn, those people have contributed immensely to the town’s culture, economy, and social life.